Video Poker Lessons

A Beginner's Guide

See also how to play: Baccarat | Blackjack | Craps | Roulette | Slot Machines | Texas Holdem | Video Poker

Video poker offers some of the best odds in the casino, if you know the proper strategy. It's a good alternative to slot machines since you still have the chance of hitting a big jackpot, and compared to a slot machine, you're about five times more likely to actually get it. Slot players should seriously consider graduating to video poker, because they're much more likely to win that way.

The play is simple: You're dealt five cards. You decide which ones to keep by tapping the pictures on the screen. Then you hit the DRAW button and you get replacement cards for the cards you didn't keep. You win if you wind up with a traditional poker hand like two pair, straight, flush, etc. (We'll explain these below for those new to poker.) The amount you win per hand depends on the style of machine you're playing, and on its paytable. Below is a paytable for a common variety of video poker, Jacks or Better.

 

There are five columns because your winnings depend on whether you played 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 coins. You should always play five coins ("Max Bet") because there's a bonus for hitting a Royal Flush with five coins played. Instead of winning 1250 coins (5 x 250), you win 4000 coins. If you can't afford to play five coins at a time, switch to a lower-denomination machine. (Yes, this is opposite of our advice about slots, and that's because the penalty for not playing max coins in video poker is greater.)

One nice thing about video poker is you can know the payout percentage of the machine even before you start playing. The payout is determined by the paytable. Just compare the paytable to the list at Wizard of Odds and you'll see that, for example, the Jacks or Better paytable above makes that a 99.54% machine. If the paytable showed only 8 coins for the full house and only 5 for the flush, it would be a 97.3% machine.

Compare this to slot machines, where you usually have no clue as to what payout you're getting. (And even if it were listed, it would usually be a lot worse than video poker.) The slot machine is the only game in the casino where your odds are a total mystery. Why would you let the casino do that to you? Play video poker instead.

Once you've selected a machine and a paytable, you need to know the proper strategy in order to enjoy the high payout. If you just guess as the strategy then you might get worse odds than on a slot machine. The Wizard has free strategies for popular video poker games and paytables, and you can use software such as Frugal Video Poker to generate a strategy for any other game and paytable you run across.

Some games have a return of over 100% with proper play, especially Deuces Wild, that pays up to 100.77%. There are a few caveats, though:

  • Those machines are hard to find. Casinos don't like to put games on the floor that potentially lose money. Your best bet for finding these games is in downtown Vegas (not on the Strip) and at locals casinos, which have to be more competitive than Strip casinos in order to lure customers there away from the Strip.
  • Proper play is essential. If you just guess at the strategy, you won't do much better than you would at a slot machine. See above for finding the proper strategies.
  • You won't get rich from video poker even if a machine pays 100%+. At a fast 600 hands per hour, and $1.25 per hand ($0.25 x 5 coins), that's $750 wagered per hour. If you play perfectly (no mistakes) and realize your 0.77% advantage, that's $5.78/hr. on average. You'll also need several thousand dollars of capital to fund the losses you'll suffer while waiting to hit the royal flush.

Still, if you're going to gamble anyway, you might as well play a game in which the odds are in your favor, rather than a game like slots where you're almost certain to lose, and lose big. And a 99.54% video poker game can become profitable if you factor in the comps you receive from playing.

Video Poker Lessons

Each VP variety and paytable has its own strategy. The strategy for Jacks or Better is different from that for Deuces Wild. And within each style of machine, each paytable can have its own strategy. Learning all those strategies is tedious, so I recommend you figure out which video poker game you like best, and then learn the strategy for it. If you get bored with that game then you can learn another strategy at that time. For now, let's start out with an introductory lesson for Full-Pay Jacks or Better. I chose this game because:

  • Jacks or Better was the original video poker game.
  • It's still widely available and easy to find.
  • The Full-Pay version returns a very nice 99.54%, and can still be found in downtown Vegas and at the Stratosphere.
  • The strategy is one of the easiest among video poker varieties.

Poker Hands

Before we get started with the strategy, let's review the names of the winning hands.

  • A full house is a pair and a three of a kind, like 3♦ 3♣ 9♠ 9♣ 3♠. Notice that it doesn't matter what order the cards are in. This is true for all of the different kinds of winning hands -- the cards can be in any order. As long as you could rearrange them to be in order, then it's a winning hand.
  • A straight is a hand with consecutive ranks, like 9♠ 7♦ 10♥ 8♠ 6♣. Notice that the cards don't have to be dealt in order. The order of face cards, from lowest to highest, is Jack, Queen, King, Ace, which we abbreviate J, Q, K, A. An ace can also count as 1, to complete a straight where the other cards are 2, 3, 4, and 5. But it can't count as both a low and a high card, e.g., Q K A 2 3.
  • An outside straight is a set of cards that can be made into a straight with another card on either end. 9♠ 7♦ 10♥ 8♠ 3♣ is an outside straight because either a 6 on the low end or a Jack on the high end will turn it into a straight.
  • An inside straight is a would-be straight with a hole in the middle. 9♠ 2♦ 10♥ 8♠ 6♣ is an inside straight because only a 7 will turn it into a straight. The distinction between outside straights and inside straights is important because in Jacks or Better we will never try to turn an inside straight into a straight. It's too hard, we have only one chance.
  • A flush is a hand where all the cards are the same suit, like 9♠ Q♣ 10♣ 4♣ 6♣.
  • A straight flush is a hand that is both a straight and a flush, like 9♦ 7♦ 10♦ 8♦ J♦.
  • A royal flush is a straight flush composed of the highest cards, such as 10♦ J♣ Q♦ K♦ A♦. But of course they don't all have to be in order. Q♦ 10♦ A♦ J♣ K♦ is still a royal flush. The Royal Flush is the jackpot in video poker, and comes around about once out of every 40,000 or so hands -- or a week and a half of full-time play. Hey, it could be worse: The jackpot on a typical slot machine only hits about one out of every 262,144 spins.

The Strategy

The strategy below is the Wizard's simplified strategy for Jacks or Better. You give up just a tiny part of the return (99.46% instead of 99.54%) and in exchange you get a strategy that's much, much easier to learn and remember than the perfect strategy. The 0.08% penalty costs you only $0.60 per hour of play on average, assuming a quarter machine played at 600 hands per hour.

With this strategy, you play the highest hand in the list that matches your cards. Here's the list, and for reference, here's the paytable again, based on one coin played.

The Wizard's Simple Strategy

  1. Full house or better
  2. 4 to a royal flush
  3. Straight, three of a kind, or flush
  4. 4 to a straight flush
  5. Two pair
  6. High pair
  7. 3 to a royal flush
  8. 4 to a flush
  9. Low pair
  10. 4 to an outside straight
  11. 2 suited high cards
  12. 3 to a straight flush
  13. 2 unsuited high cards (if more than 2 pick then pick lowest 2)
  14. Suited 10/J, 10/Q, or 10/K
  15. One high card
  16. Discard everything

9/6 Jacks or Better Paytable

Royal Flush

800

Straight Flush

50

Four of a Kind

25

Full House

9

Flush

6

Straight

4

Three of a Kind

3

Two Pair

2

Jacks or Better (meaning a pair of Jacks, Queens, Kings, or Aces)

1

Remember that if you use this strategy for anything other than 9/6 Jacks or Better you're playing wrong, and that will cost you!

Let's go through some examples.

 

1.

The minimum hand you need to win is a pair of Jacks. So in this hand we'll hold the Jack, hoping that we'll draw another Jack. We hold the Jack by tapping the picture of the Jack on the screen, or pressing the corresponding button just below the screen. Then we'll tap the DRAW button to get four new cards, hoping that one of them is a Jack to match the Jack we held.

We could get even luckier. We might draw two more Jacks, and then we have a Three of a Kind. Or three more Jacks, and then we have a Four of a Kind. But those are unlikely; our most likely win would be a draw just one more Jack to make a pair of Jacks.

Okay, so how did we know that this was the proper play? Simple: We looked it up on the strategy list above. "One high card", #15, was the best hand we had on that list.


2.

This is similar to the previous hand. There's one high card -- a queen -- so that's what we'll hold.


3.

Oh boy, we have two high cards! We'll hold both of them, because then we can make a pair by drawing either a Jack or a Queen. True, we're only gonna get three more cards for a potential match rather than four this way, but our odds are still better for making our pair. We might also get a full house if we're lucky.


4.

Wow, three high cards! Well, hold your horses there, cowboy. We don't hold all three. That's because if we did then it would be impossible to get a full house. When we have three unsuited high cards, we'll take the lowest two -- in this case the Jack and the Queen. This is #13 on our list above.


5.

Three more high cards. But there's a big difference vs. last time: This time two of them are the same suit. When you have multiple high cards you hold the ones of the same suit, because they can turn into a Royal Flush, which is the jackpot. So in this case we hold the Jack and the Ace. This is #11 on our list above.


6.

Let's mix it up a little with a hand very different from the rest. I hope this one is easy for you. You have three 5's. This is a winning, paying hand, even before you draw for replacements! Hold the three 5's, and hope you're dealt another 5 for Four of a Kind.


7.

This isn't quite as good as our previous hand. We have a pair of 5's, but by themselves it's not enough to win. We'll hold the pair and hope to get another 5 to make a Three of a Kind. This is play #9 on our list.


8.

Here we have four to an outside straight -- 5, 6, 7, 8. Either a 4 or a 9 will turn it into a straight. We hold the four to an outside straight and draw a replacement for our useless 2.


9.

This is an inside straight -- 4, 5, 7, 8. There's a gap in the middle. Remember that we never draw to an inside straight with Jacks or Better.

So what do we hold here? Nothing. We don't have even the minimum hand in our strategy list. So we just draw five new cards. This isn't an uncommon occurrence -- you'll often get just plain bad hands where you have to throw the whole thing away.


10.

At first glance this might look like a junk hand, but look closer. Four cards are the same suit -- we have four to a flush. That's what we hold, throwing away the 5. This is play #8 on our list.


11.

Another seemingly-junk hand, but not. We have three to a straight flush -- the 5, 6, and 9, which is what we hold. We know that we'll never draw to an inside straight, but this is different because we're drawing to a straight flush. Take a look at the paytable and see how hefty a payout we'd get if we made the straight flush.

We probably won't make the straight flush, but all the occasional times with a hand like this that we turn it into a regular flush, regular straight, or three of a kind -- along with the infrequent straight flush -- make holding the three to a straight flush a better play than throwing everything away and hoping for a miracle from five brand-new cards.


12.

Here we have two choices: Hold the four to an outside straight and go for the straight, or hold the two 7's and go for a three of a kind or four of a kind. What to do?

Here's where our strategy list comes in. Notice that a low pair is #9, while four to an outside straight is #10. The low pair is higher, so we hold the pair. In fact, you almost always hold pairs in Jacks or Better. We'll discuss exceptions below, but in general, always lunge for a pair, and then do a quick check to see if you have anything better, since you probably won't.


13.

Here's one of those cases where something beats a pair. Namely, four to a flush. We'll hold those four cards and go for the flush.

Here's the way to remember it: A pair beats a would-be straight, but not a would-be flush.


14.

Another toss-up. Do we go with the pair or with the high cards? Remember what we said earlier: Always lunge for the pair. In this case we hold the pair. It's #9 on our list, vs. #11 for the two suited high cards.

 


15.

Overload! Decisions, decisions. Our possibilities are to:

  • Go for the straight (10, J, Q, K)
  • Go with the high pair (K, K)
  • Go with the three to a royal flush (10, J, Q)

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Strategy list to the rescue. The high pair wins at #6 (vs. #7 for the three to a Royal, and #10 for the four to an outside straight.)

 

More Resources

Other websites have covered video poker in depth, so I'm not going to reinvent the wheel here. Let me just refer you to the best websites on the subject.

Practice video poker. Bodog has video poker games that you can play with fake money. They work on both PC's and Macs, too.

The Wizard of Odds. The wizard has come up with simplified strategies that are very easy to play and remember, and which work almost as well as professional strategies. He's also got a bunch of other useful stuff on video poker.

Jeff Lotspiech's Video Poker. Strategies, risk of ruin calculator, practice on the web, more.

Skip Hughes VP. One of the video poker columnists for Casino Player magazine, so you know he knows his stuff. Good articles and lessons on VP.

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